-
论文写作中主动语态与被动语态的时态用法
学术论文写作中的考试政策是很多考生和家长关心的事。论文时态和语态的选择直接影响文章的专业性和可读性，主动语态强调行动实施方，被动语态突出行动接收方，两者各有适用场景。今天小编整理的就是论文写作中常见的时态使用规则，涵盖现在时、现在完成时和过去时的具体用法，帮助写作者准确表达研究过程和结果。感到兴趣的小伙伴与小编一起来了解一下吧
主动语态-主语为行动的实施方。
被动语态-主语为行动的接收方。
在撰写科学论文时我们会使用各种各样的时态。下面是一些在不同时态下使用主动语态和被动语态的例子：
1.现在时-通常在概论，讨论和结论中使用的时态
Example 1:
Active: Vitamin A increases the risk of hair loss.
Passive: The risk of hair loss is increased by vitamin A.
Example 2:
Active: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industries and vehicleexhausts can induce a series of environmental problems, including photochemicalsmog, broken ozonosphere, and environmental pollution.
Passive: A series of environmental problems, including photochemical smog,broken ozonosphere, and environmental pollution, can be induced by volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industries and vehicle exhausts.
2.现在时-通常在目标中使用的时态
Example 1:
Active: In this study, we present our design of an electric hot water tank.
Passive: In this study, a design of an electric hot water tank is presented.
Example 2:
Active: This study develops an efficient methodology to examine a space–timecontinuous dataset for urban irrigation water use.
Passive: An efficient methodology to examine a space–time continuous datasetfor urban irrigation water use is developed in this study.
3.现在完成时-通常在概论，讨论和总结中使用的时态
Example 1:
Active: Previous studies have used comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences toelucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.
Passive: Comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences has been used in previousstudies to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.
Example 2:
Active: only a small number of empirical studies have focused on the patternsand mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatial scales, especially inwild host–pathogen systems [2].
Passive: The patterns and mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatialscales, especially in wild host–pathogen systems, have been focused on by onlya small number of empirical studies [2].
4.过去时：通常用于材料与方法/结果
Example 1:
Active: We determined the presence of larvae by dip netting.
Passive: The presence of larvae was determined by dip netting.
Example 2:
Active: We evaluated the number of haplotypes (h), haplotypes (Hd), andnucleotides (π) using the DnaSP 5.10 program [3].
Passive: The number of haplotypes (h), haplotypes (Hd), and nucleotides (π) wasevaluated using the DnaSP 5.10 program [3].
Example 3:
Active: We found a strong correlation between above-ground and below-groundbiomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.
Passive: A strong correlation was found between above-ground and below-groundbiomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.
论文写作时第一人称怎么用才规范
①通过排除被动语态来阐明意思
②建立权威和信誉时
③表达对议题的兴趣
④与读者建立个人关系，特别是关于轶事见闻或假想
⑤在讨论现有文献时强调或区分你的观点
⑥营造一种对话感(少见于学术写作)
2.遇到这种情况，不该使用第一人称：
①当你希望用最为客观的语气，来表明你的研究已经尽量减少偏见及主观臆想时，应该使用第一人称。
②当你在表达自己的观点时应该使用第一人称，但是有一个情况除外：比如”Ithink”这类的表现都是不必要的，因为文章内除了引用部分的句子，其他的观点都应该是你的。
科技论文可读性决定因素有哪些
1．研究工作是否取得了实质性进展，所得结论是否可靠，结果是否深刻和有启发性。如果是阶段成果，它对后续的研究有什么指导意义，是否是重要发现的前奏。
2．作者要对论文进行完整的构思，体现严密的逻辑思维，一项研究课题经长期努力工作而得到结果时，就应当像艺术家构思一幅作品那样，一丝不苟。
3．在论述方式上，要作到深入浅出，表达清楚、简练、专业术语准确，前后一致，语言要规范、生动。
4．文字与插图恰当的配合。国内相当多的论文在利用图、表来生动地阐述学术内容方面还显不足，随着计算机三维可视化方法的普及，论文中采用彩图、立体图的趋势将会增加。
5．论文的体例格式。论文的标题、摘要和关键词这三者基本上决定了论文能否被期刊所采纳和引起读者是兴趣：
标题应该清晰地描述文章的内容，又能反映与其他文献的区别。
摘要，要求是对文章的主题极其所属的领域和研究对象给予简短的叙述。
关键词应根据文章全文的要点来精炼提取。